Putting Stuff in the Window

Now we have created a window, we want to put stuff on it!

_images/gui03.jpeg

Here’s how:

include "gui/__init__";
open FlxGui;

println$ "Basic Drawing Test";
FlxGui::init();

var w = create_resizable_window("Felix:gui_03_draw_01",100,100,400,600);
w.add$ mk_drawable FlxGui::clear lightgrey;

var font_name = dflt_sans_serif_font();
var font : font_t = get_font(font_name, 12);
var lineskip = get_lineskip font;
w.add$ mk_drawable FlxGui::write (10,10,font,black,"Basic Drawing Test");

fun / (x:string, y:string) => Filename::join (x,y);
var imgfile = #Config::std_config.FLX_SHARE_DIR / "src" / "web" / "images" / "FelixWork.jpg";

var ppic : surface_t = surface (IMG_Load imgfile.cstr);

w.add$ mk_drawable blit (20,20, ppic.get_sdl_surface ());

w.add$ mk_drawable draw_line (RGB(0,0,255), 100,110,200,110);
w.add$ mk_drawable draw_line (RGB(0,0,255), 100,210,200,210);
w.add$ mk_drawable draw_line (RGB(0,0,255), 100,110,100,210);
w.add$ mk_drawable draw_line (RGB(0,0,255), 200,110,200,210);

w.update();
w.show();

Faio::sleep(15.0);

Here, the program is as before, except we now do three basic ways to draw on a window.

Text

First, we want to be able to put ordinary text on the window. To do that, we have to first create a font to write the text with:

var font_name = dflt_sans_serif_font();
var font : font_t = get_font(font_name, 12);
var lineskip = get_lineskip font;

The first line gets the name of a default sans serif font file which is packaged with Felix so you don’t have to figure out where all the fonts on your system are.

The second line actually creates the font from the file at a particular size, in this case 12 point. The size is a conventional printers measure. You’ll just have to get used to what it means!

The third line helps tell how big the font it. We retrieve from the font the distance in pixels we should allow between lines, for readable text. Anything less and the characters would bump into each other.

Now we have a font, we schedule drawing some text on the window:

w.add$ mk_drawable FlxGui::write (10,10,font,black,"Basic Drawing Test");

This is our usual machinery for adding a drawable object to the windows list of drawables, to be drawn when we say to update. The drawing function is FlxGui::write. Notice we used the fully qualified name of the function, to avoid confusiuon with other functions named write.

The argument to write is the x and y coordinates of the initial base point, the font to use, the colour to write in, and the actual text to write.

Text is always written with respect to a base point. The base point is origin of the first character which is approximately the left edge of the character, and the point at which an invisible underline would occur: in other words, under the main body of the character, but on top of any descender that letter like g may have.

The exact location is font dependent. Font rendering is an arcane art, not an exact science so you will have to practice to get text to appear where you it has the correct visual significance.

Picture

Now we are going to put a picture in the window. The image is a JPEG image, and is supplied for testing purposed in Felix at a known location.

First we define a little helper function:

fun / (x:string, y:string) => Filename::join (x,y);

What this says is that when we try to divide one string by another string, we actually mean to join the strings together using Filename::join which is a standard function which sticks a / character between strings on unix platforms, and a slosh on Windows.

The file is here:

var imgfile = #Config::std_config.FLX_SHARE_DIR / "src" / "web" / "images" / "FelixWork.jpg";

The prefix of this code finds the share subdirectory of the Felix installation, which contains the picture we went in the images subdirectory of the web subdirectory of the src subdirectory.

Now to schedule the drawing we do this:

var ppic : surface_t = surface (IMG_Load imgfile.cstr);
w.add$ mk_drawable blit (20,20, ppic.get_sdl_surface ());

The first line loads the image file into memoy using a low level primitive from SDL2_image. That primitve requires a C char pointer, not a C++ string, which is what Felix uses, so we use cstr to convert. Then the surface function translates the loaded file into an Felix surface object.

In the second line we add the drawable to the window based on the blit function. This copies one surface to another. We copy the image surface to the window surface at position 20,20 in the window, and use the get_sdl_surface() method to translate the Felix surface object into a lower level SDL surface.

Its all a bit mysterious, so you just have to so some things by copying the patterns that work.

Lines

Finally, we draw a blue rectangle on top of the picture. I’m sure you can figure out how that works!